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10. Conditions of the "middle passage" included:

A. Shackling of slaves below decks.
B. Malnutrition.
C. Overcrowding.
D. All of these.



Answer :

Final answer:

The Middle Passage subjected enslaved Africans to brutal conditions, including shackling, malnutrition, and overcrowding.


Explanation:

Conditions of the 'middle passage' included:

  1. Shackling of slaves below decks.
  2. Malnutrition.
  3. Overcrowding.

The Middle Passage was a horrific journey where enslaved Africans endured extreme suffering, including infections, close quarters, dysentery, skin chafing, rapes, whippings, and diseases like smallpox. Historians describe it as an epitome of enslavement's brutality.


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