The plasma membrane is semipermeable, allowing some molecules to pass through while others cannot. Passive transport relies on processes such as diffusion and the use of specific proteins for molecule movement.
Semipermeable means that some molecules can cross through it while others cannot. Some smaller, non-charged substances like carbon dioxide can diffuse through the membrane without expending energy. This is known as passive transport and can utilize channel proteins or carrier proteins. Larger, charged substances like macromolecules cannot diffuse through the membrane without expending energy.
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