40. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of refraction?

A. A stick immersed in water appears to be broken
B. Formation of image by a mirror
C. The apparent depth of water is smaller than the actual depth
D. The star looks higher in the sky than in reality

41. The frequency of a wave is the:

A. Number of complete waves passing a given point per second
B. Time taken for one complete wave to pass a given point
C. Distance the wave travels in one second
D. Minimum distance between identical points on adjacent waves

42. An electromagnetic wave can be produced by:

A. A steady current
B. An electrostatic field
C. Any moving charge
D. Any accelerating charge

43. Identify a true statement about mechanical waves:

A. The velocity of a traveling wave is equal to the velocity of the particles through which the wave propagates

NOT the consequences of refraction: Formation of an image by a mirror is not a consequence of refraction. Refraction leads to phenomena like the stick appearing broken in water, making the apparent depth of water seem smaller, and stars appearing higher in the sky than they actually are.

Frequency of a wave: The frequency of a wave is the number of complete waves passing a given point per second. It is measured in hertz (Hz) and is crucial in defining the characteristics of a wave.

Electromagnetic wave production: An electromagnetic wave can be produced by any accelerating charge. This is a fundamental concept in electromagnetism where moving charges generate changing electric and magnetic fields that propagate as electromagnetic waves.

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