Compare and contrast the Mesopotamian and Indus Valley civilizations under the following headings:

a) Society
b) Religion
c) Science and Script
d) Art and Culture
e) Trade and Commerce

Society: Mesopotamia had a more hierarchical social structure with kings and priests at the top, while the Indus Valley Civilization was more egalitarian with planned settlements.
Religion: Both civilizations had polytheistic beliefs, but Mesopotamians worshiped gods like Enlil and Ishtar, while the Indus Valley people possibly worshiped a mother goddess.
Science and Script: Mesopotamians developed cuneiform script and made astronomical observations, while the Indus Valley script remains undeciphered, and their scientific accomplishments are less known.
Art and Culture: Both civilizations excelled in art, but the Indus Valley art focused more on seals and figurines, while Mesopotamian art depicted monumental architecture and relief sculptures.
Trade and Commerce: Both engaged in trade, with Mesopotamians trading precious metals and goods, while the Indus Valley traded in beads, pottery, and other goods.

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Compare and contrast the Mesopotamian and Indus Valley civilizations under the following headings:a) Society b) Religion c) Science and Script d) Art and Culture e) Trade and Commerce