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Identify and label the Brønsted-Lowry acid, its conjugate base, the Brønsted-Lowry base, and its conjugate acid in each of the following equations:

(a) [tex]\( HNO_3 + H_2O \rightarrow H_3O^+ + NO_3^- \)[/tex]

(b) [tex]\( CN^- + H_2O \rightarrow HCN + OH^- \)[/tex]

(c) [tex]\( H_2SO_4 + Cl^- \rightarrow HCl + HSO_4^- \)[/tex]

(d) [tex]\( HSO_4^- + OH^- \rightarrow SO_4^{2-} + H_2O \)[/tex]

(e) [tex]\( O^{2-} + H_2O \rightarrow 2 OH^- \)[/tex]

(f) [tex]\[Cu(H_2O)_3(OH)]+ [Al(H_2O)_6]^{3+} \rightarrow [Cu(H_2O)_4]^{2+} + [Al(H_2O)_5(OH)]^{2+} \][/tex]

(g) [tex]\( H_2S + NH_2^- \rightarrow HS^- + NH_3 \)[/tex]



Answer :

GinnyAnswer
Sure! Let's identify and label the Brønsted-Lowry acid, its conjugate base, the Brønsted-Lowry base, and its conjugate acid in each of the given equations:

### (a) [tex]\( \text{HNO}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{H}_3\text{O}^+ + \text{NO}_3^- \)[/tex]
- Brønsted-Lowry Acid: [tex]\( \text{HNO}_3 \)[/tex] (donates a proton to water)
- Conjugate Base: [tex]\( \text{NO}_3^- \)[/tex] (formed after [tex]\( \text{HNO}_3 \)[/tex] donates a proton)
- Brønsted-Lowry Base: [tex]\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)[/tex] (accepts a proton)
- Conjugate Acid: [tex]\( \text{H}_3\text{O}^+ \)[/tex] (formed after water accepts a proton)

### (b) [tex]\( \text{CN}^- + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{HCN} + \text{OH}^- \)[/tex]
- Brønsted-Lowry Acid: [tex]\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)[/tex] (donates a proton to [tex]\( \text{CN}^- \)[/tex])
- Conjugate Base: [tex]\( \text{OH}^- \)[/tex] (formed after water donates a proton)
- Brønsted-Lowry Base: [tex]\( \text{CN}^- \)[/tex] (accepts a proton)
- Conjugate Acid: [tex]\( \text{HCN} \)[/tex] (formed after [tex]\( \text{CN}^- \)[/tex] accepts a proton)

### (c) [tex]\( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 + \text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{HCl} + \text{HSO}_4^- \)[/tex]
- Brønsted-Lowry Acid: [tex]\( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \)[/tex] (donates a proton to [tex]\( \text{Cl}^- \)[/tex])
- Conjugate Base: [tex]\( \text{HSO}_4^- \)[/tex] (formed after [tex]\( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \)[/tex] donates a proton)
- Brønsted-Lowry Base: [tex]\( \text{Cl}^- \)[/tex] (accepts a proton)
- Conjugate Acid: [tex]\( \text{HCl} \)[/tex] (formed after [tex]\( \text{Cl}^- \)[/tex] accepts a proton)

### (d) [tex]\( \text{HSO}_4^- + \text{OH}^- \rightarrow \text{SO}_4^{2-} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \)[/tex]
- Brønsted-Lowry Acid: [tex]\( \text{HSO}_4^- \)[/tex] (donates a proton to [tex]\( \text{OH}^- \)[/tex])
- Conjugate Base: [tex]\( \text{SO}_4^{2-} \)[/tex] (formed after [tex]\( \text{HSO}_4^- \)[/tex] donates a proton)
- Brønsted-Lowry Base: [tex]\( \text{OH}^- \)[/tex] (accepts a proton)
- Conjugate Acid: [tex]\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)[/tex] (formed after [tex]\( \text{OH}^- \)[/tex] accepts a proton)

### (e) [tex]\( \text{O}^{2-} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2 \text{OH}^- \)[/tex]
- Brønsted-Lowry Acid: [tex]\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)[/tex] (donates a proton to [tex]\( \text{O}^{2-} \)[/tex])
- Conjugate Base: [tex]\( \text{OH}^- \)[/tex] (formed after water donates a proton)
- Brønsted-Lowry Base: [tex]\( \text{O}^{2-} \)[/tex] (accepts a proton)
- Conjugate Acid: [tex]\( \text{OH}^- \)[/tex] (formed after [tex]\( \text{O}^{2-} \)[/tex] accepts a proton)

### (f) [tex]\( \left[ \text{Cu}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_3(\text{OH}) \right]^+ + \left[ \text{Al}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_6 \right]^{3+} \rightarrow \left[ \text{Cu}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_4 \right]^{2+} + \left[ \text{Al}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_5(\text{OH}) \right]^{2+} \)[/tex]
- Brønsted-Lowry Acid: [tex]\(\left[ \text{Al}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_6 \right]^{3+}\)[/tex] (donates a proton to [tex]\(\left[ \text{Cu}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_3(\text{OH}) \right]^+ \)[/tex])
- Conjugate Base: [tex]\(\left[ \text{Al}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_5(\text{OH}) \right]^{2+}\)[/tex] (formed after [tex]\(\left[ \text{Al}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_6 \right]^{3+}\)[/tex] donates a proton)
- Brønsted-Lowry Base: [tex]\(\left[ \text{Cu}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_3(\text{OH}) \right]^+ \)[/tex] (accepts a proton)
- Conjugate Acid: [tex]\(\left[ \text{Cu}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_4 \right]^{2+}\)[/tex] (formed after [tex]\(\left[ \text{Cu}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_3(\text{OH}) \right]^+ \)[/tex] accepts a proton)

### (g) [tex]\( \text{H}_2\text{S} + \text{NH}_2^- \rightarrow \text{HS}^- + \text{NH}_3 \)[/tex]
- Brønsted-Lowry Acid: [tex]\( \text{H}_2\text{S} \)[/tex] (donates a proton to [tex]\( \text{NH}_2^- \)[/tex])
- Conjugate Base: [tex]\( \text{HS}^- \)[/tex] (formed after [tex]\( \text{H}_2\text{S} \)[/tex] donates a proton)
- Brønsted-Lowry Base: [tex]\( \text{NH}_2^- \)[/tex] (accepts a proton)
- Conjugate Acid: [tex]\( \text{NH}_3 \)[/tex] (formed after [tex]\( \text{NH}_2^- \)[/tex] accepts a proton)

This labeling helps in understanding how Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases interact with each other by donating and accepting protons.

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