Part 1: Ethical Subjectivism and Cultural Relativism

1. Distinguish Ethical Subjectivism from Cultural Relativism.
- What makes both relativists' theories?

2. Discuss David Hume's and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's arguments.
- How do they promote individual relativism and support ethical subjectivism?

3. Explain Charles Darwin's theory and Herbert Spencer's arguments.
- How do they support the development of cultural relativism?

4. Criticize individual relativism.
- Why is it not an acceptable ethical position?

5. Criticize cultural relativism.
- Why is it not an acceptable ethical position?

Ethical Subjectivism relates to individual feelings, while Cultural Relativism links ethics to cultural norms. Critiques point out the flaws in both relativist theories.

Explanation:

Relativism in Ethical Theories:

Ethical Subjectivism emphasizes that moral truths are subjective and vary from person to person, based on individual feelings or opinions. On the other hand, Cultural Relativism asserts that moral values are relative to cultural norms and practices.

Influential Arguments: David Hume and Jean-Jacques Rousseau supported ethical subjectivism by highlighting the importance of individual perspectives in shaping ethics. Charles Darwin's theory and Herbert Spencer's arguments backed the idea of cultural relativism by showcasing cultural diversity and evolution.

Criticisms: Individual relativism is critiqued for lacking a solid ethical foundation as it leads to moral chaos with no objective standards. Cultural relativism faces criticism for being unable to condemn universally harmful practices and undermine moral progress.

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