Answer :

Final answer:

Edward C. Tolman highlighted the purposiveness of behavior and the cognitive aspect of learning in contrast to strict behaviorists like Skinner and Watson.


Explanation:

Edward C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior in his studies, suggesting a cognitive aspect to learning. Unlike strict behaviorists like Skinner and Watson, Tolman believed that organisms can learn even without immediate reinforcement, demonstrating that cognition plays a role in learning.


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