An autologous bone marrow transplant uses the patient's own marrow, allogeneic transplants involve cells from another person, and engraftment describes the process of donor cells establishing in the recipient.
When the donor is the patient himself, it is an autologous bone marrow transplant. This type involves using bone marrow harvested from the patient and treated to remove any cancer cells before being returned to the same patient.
On the other hand, an allogenic bone marrow transplant utilizes cells harvested from another person, usually a family member with matching major histocompatibility molecules. This helps prevent rejection of the transplanted cells.
Engraftment refers to the process where donor bone marrow stem cells are infused into the recipient's bloodstream and establish themselves in the recipient's bone marrow.
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