Civil liberties protect individual freedoms, civil rights ensure equal treatment by authorities, and selective incorporation expands Bill of Rights to states for uniform rights protection.
Civil liberties are individual rights and freedoms that government may not infringe on, primarily listed in the Bill of Rights. They ensure personal freedoms and are limits on the government's ability to impose restrictions on individuals. On the other hand, civil rights are government guarantees of equal treatment by authorities to protect certain groups from discrimination.
Selective incorporation is the process expanding the application of the Bill of Rights to states, ensuring people's civil liberties uniformly across all states. It became necessary to prevent inconsistencies in the protection of rights among states and individuals.
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