Let's break down the given questions step-by-step:
1. An organic compound (A) is obtained by the treatment of calcium carbide with water and it is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
The organic compound (A) obtained by the treatment of calcium carbide (CaC₂) with water (H₂O) is Ethyne (C₂H₂), also known as Acetylene.
a. Convert compound (A) into butane.
To convert Ethyne (C₂H₂) into Butane (C₄H₁₀), we can follow these steps:
- First, convert Ethyne (C₂H₂) to Ethane (C₂H₆) by hydrogenation:
[tex]\[
C_2H_2 + 2H_2 \rightarrow C_2H_6
\][/tex]
- Next, dimerize Ethane (C₂H₆) to form Butane (C₄H₁₀):
[tex]\[
2C_2H_6 \rightarrow C_4H_{10}
\][/tex]
b. What happens when compound (A) is passed through a red hot copper tube at [tex]\( 400^{\circ} C \)[/tex]?
When Ethyne (C₂H₂) is passed through a red-hot copper tube at [tex]\( 400^{\circ}C \)[/tex], it undergoes dimerization to form Butadiene (C₄H₄):
[tex]\[
2C_2H_2 \rightarrow C_4H_4
\][/tex]
6. How can you prepare compound (A) from Kolbe's electrolysis?
Kolbe’s electrolysis involves the decarboxylation of two carboxylate anions (sodium acetate, CH₃COONa) in an aqueous solution to form Ethyne (C₂H₂):
[tex]\[
2CH_3COONa + 2H_2O \rightarrow C_2H_2 + 2CO_2 + H_2 + 2NaOH
\][/tex]
In summary:
1a. Convert Ethyne (C₂H₂) to Butane (C₄H₁₀):
- [tex]\( C_2H_2 + 2H_2 \rightarrow C_2H_6 \)[/tex]
- [tex]\( 2C_2H_6 \rightarrow C_4H_{10} \)[/tex]
1b. Pass Ethyne through a red-hot copper tube at [tex]\( 400^{\circ}C \)[/tex]:
- [tex]\( 2C_2H_2 \rightarrow C_4H_4 \)[/tex]
6. Prepare Ethyne from Kolbe's electrolysis:
- [tex]\( 2CH_3COONa + 2H_2O \rightarrow C_2H_2 + 2CO_2 + H_2 + 2NaOH \)[/tex]
