The emergence of gunpowder in Europe led to significant changes such as Knights becoming less effective, fortifications requiring redesign and rebuilding, and warfare becoming more expensive.
All of the above changes occurred because of the emergence of gunpowder in Europe. Firearms made Knights less effective in battle, leading to the redesign and rebuilding of fortifications (Fortifications had to be redesigned and rebuilt). Additionally, the use of gunpowder made war more expensive, as rulers needed to invest heavily in new weaponry and military tactics.
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