Final answer:
Archbishops were the church leaders below cardinals in the Catholic Church hierarchy, with the pope eventually gaining authority over the western church.
Explanation:
Archbishops were the church leaders immediately below cardinals in the Catholic Church hierarchy. The archbishop of Rome, eventually known as the pope, asserted authority over the church hierarchy in the west. This authority was based on factors like the symbolic power of Rome and the doctrinal tie to the Apostle Peter.
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