Gene flow and genetic drift have a significant impact on allele frequencies, especially in small populations. Mutations drive diversity and can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral based on their impact on survival and reproduction.
Gene flow occurs when individuals move into or out of a population, impacting allele frequencies significantly. If the rate of migration is high, allele frequencies can change in both the population they leave and the one they enter. Genetic drift is more impactful in small populations, where random events can lead to significant changes in allele frequencies. Mutations are a key driver of diversity, with some being harmful, beneficial, or neutral depending on their effects on survival and reproduction.
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