Final answer:
Gram stain reaction and cellular morphology are key microbial characteristics observed through staining and microscopy, aiding in classification and identification.
Explanation:
Gram stain reaction and cellular morphology are critical microbial characteristics that can be observed through staining and microscopy. By performing biochemical assays on a bacterial culture, bio-chemical characteristics such as fermentation of various sugars and degradation of proteins can be detected, providing a biochemical profile for classification.
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