What does the term "theory" mean in science?

A. A statement that proposes a testable explanation for a natural phenomenon

B. A description of facts or observations that is accepted as true and can be used to predict future results

C. A claim that is based on observation and prior knowledge and is a starting point for an experiment

D. An explanation that is the result of many investigations

In science, a theory is a thoroughly tested and verified set of explanations for a body of observations of nature. It is the strongest form of knowledge in science. In contrast, a theory in common vernacular can mean a guess or speculation about something, meaning that the knowledge implied by the theory is very weak.

Some scientific explanations are so well established that no new evidence is likely to alter them. The explanation becomes a scientific theory. In everyday language a theory means a hunch or speculation. Not so in science. In science, the word theory refers to a comprehensive explanation of an important feature of nature supported by facts gathered over time.

A theory is a broader conception that refers to a set of explanations, rules, and laws. These are supported by a large body of observational and experimental evidence, all leading to robust conclusions.

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