Let's analyze the specific heats of the various materials provided in the chart:
[tex]\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Material} & \begin{array}{c}
\text{Specific Heat } \\
\left( J / g ^{\circ} C \right)
\end{array} \\
\hline
\text{aluminum} & 0.90 \\
\hline
\text{iron} & 0.44 \\
\hline
\text{lead} & 0.16 \\
\hline
\text{sand} & 0.83 \\
\hline
\text{steel} & 0.49 \\
\hline
\text{wood} & 1.80 \\
\hline
\text{water} & 4.18 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\][/tex]
1. Highest Specific Heat:
- By comparing the specific heats of all given materials, we can see that the material with the highest specific heat is water with a specific heat of [tex]\( 4.18 \, J / g \cdot ^{\circ}C \)[/tex].
2. Lowest Specific Heat:
- By comparing the specific heats of all given materials, we can see that the material with the lowest specific heat is lead with a specific heat of [tex]\( 0.16 \, J / g \cdot ^{\circ}C \)[/tex].
3. Material with Specific Heat Twice that of Aluminum:
- The specific heat of aluminum is [tex]\( 0.90 \, J / g \cdot ^{\circ}C \)[/tex].
- To find a material with specific heat twice that of aluminum, we calculate [tex]\( 2 \times 0.90 = 1.80 \, J / g \cdot ^{\circ}C \)[/tex].
- Comparing this value with the specific heats in the table, we see that the material with a specific heat of [tex]\( 1.80 \, J / g \cdot ^{\circ}C \)[/tex] is wood.
Summarized Answers:
- The material with the highest specific heat is water.
- The material with the lowest specific heat is lead.
- The material with the ability to absorb twice as much heat as aluminum is wood.
