The equilibrium constant (Keq) is a constant value independent of initial concentrations and not affected by the presence of a catalyst.
The equilibrium constant (Keq) is a constant value that describes the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium. It is independent of the initial concentrations of reactants and products as long as the temperature is constant. A catalyst, represented by option D, does not affect the value of the equilibrium constant as it only speeds up the attainment of equilibrium without changing the position of equilibrium.
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