Let's analyze the given data to understand the effect of temperature on the solubility of the different solutes:
- For sugar:
- At [tex]$20^{\circ} C$[/tex], the solubility is 204 g/100 g water.
- At [tex]$100^{\circ} C$[/tex], the solubility is 487 g/100 g water.
- The change in solubility = 487 - 204 = 283 g/100 g water.
- For salt:
- At [tex]$20^{\circ} C$[/tex], the solubility is 36 g/100 g water.
- At [tex]$100^{\circ} C$[/tex], the solubility is 39 g/100 g water.
- The change in solubility = 39 - 36 = 3 g/100 g water.
- For nitrite salt:
- At [tex]$20^{\circ} C$[/tex], the solubility is 81 g/100 g water.
- At [tex]$100^{\circ} C$[/tex], the solubility is 160 g/100 g water.
- The change in solubility = 160 - 81 = 79 g/100 g water.
Now, let's evaluate each statement based on the derived changes:
1. Temperature can change the solubility of a solute:
- The substantial changes observed in the solubility of sugar (283 g/100 g water) and nitrite salt (79 g/100 g water), as well as the smaller change in salt (3 g/100 g water), indicate that temperature does indeed affect solubility. Hence, this statement is correct.
2. Temperature has no effect on the solubility of a solute:
- This statement is incorrect because we see changes in solubility for all solutes, albeit to varying extents.
3. Salt has a greater solubility than sugar:
- At both temperatures ([tex]$20^{\circ} C$[/tex] and [tex]$100^{\circ} C$[/tex]), the solubility of sugar (204 g/487 g) is greater than that of salt (36 g/39 g). Hence, this statement is incorrect.
4. Nitrite salt has a greater solubility than sugar:
- Comparing the solubility values at both temperatures, sugar has a higher solubility (204 g/487 g) than nitrite salt (81 g/160 g). Hence, this statement is also incorrect.
Given the analysis, the statement that is represented by the graph is:
Temperature can change the solubility of a solute.
