(True/False): Because of Islam's heavy emphasis on pious conduct and conservative religious tradition, scientific research and innovation were discouraged and sometimes banned in large Islamic societies.

False: Contrary to the belief that Islamic societies discouraged scientific research, historical evidence shows that medieval Islam was a leader in science and technology. Islamic culture played a pivotal role in preserving and translating ancient Greek texts and establishing centers of learning, such as Cordoba, which contributed significantly to scientific progress.

Additionally, Islamic scholars made significant contributions to various fields of science and were known for their advancements in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and more. This goes against the notion that Islam inhibited scientific innovation and instead highlights the rich scientific legacy of Islamic societies.

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