This answer discusses strict constructionism, originalism, and checks and balances in the U.S. government branches.
Strict constructionism: A justice who only considers the text of the Constitution believes in interpreting the Constitution based on its literal meaning and original intent.
Originalism: A justice who believes the Constitution should be interpreted based on what the ratifiers intended.
Checks and balances: The principle of dividing government power into three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial - to ensure that not one branch becomes too powerful.
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