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Which of the following is not a characteristic of both observational studies and experiments?

A. Results are not used to probe cause and effect.
B. The researcher exercises direct control over at least one variable.
C. Data are collected about a population.
D. The subjects are observed, and their behavior is recorded.



Answer :

GinnyAnswer

Final answer:

Observational studies focus on naturally occurring relationships among variables without manipulation, lacking direct control and random assignment.


Explanation:

Observational studies involve collecting data without manipulating variables, focusing on describing relationships among variables naturally occurring. They do not allow for direct control by the researcher. Random assignment is not used, making them unable to establish cause and effect relationships.


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