Ex post facto laws, bills of attainder, and habeas corpus restrictions are key aspects of Congress's limitations highlighted in the Constitution.
Ex post facto laws, which criminalize an act retroactively, are laws that Congress can't enact. Similarly, bills of attainder are legislative actions declaring guilt without a trial. Additionally, Congress is prohibited from suspending the writ of habeas corpus, which allows a detained person to challenge the legality of their detention.
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