Final answer:
Fermentation is a metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, converting sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. It is utilized in various applications like producing alcoholic beverages and bread.
Explanation:
Fermentation is a metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen and involves the breakdown of sugars like glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This process is used in various applications such as producing alcoholic beverages, bread, and yogurt.
In alcoholic fermentation, yeast cells convert glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide. On the other hand, in lactic acid fermentation, glucose is converted into lactic acid.
Anaerobic processes like fermentation and anaerobic respiration do not require oxygen for ATP production, making them essential for organisms that cannot survive in oxygen-rich environments.
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