The Coriolis effect, ocean currents, jet streams, and other related terms are explained in this answer.
Albedo: a measure of the amount of light that a surface reflects.
Convection current: any air current that is caused by the transfer of heat in the atmosphere.
Coriolis effect: observation that air and ocean currents appear to be deflected in their course of direction due to the spin of the earth on its axis.
El Niño: a weather event that occurs when unusually warm waters from the Pacific Ocean disrupt typical global weather patterns.
Jet streams: fast-moving currents of air.
Latitude: a measure of distance from the equator, either north or south, on the globe.
Ocean currents: movement of surface ocean water in predictable paths.
Trade winds: west to east winds that dominate the middle latitudes of both hemispheres on Earth.
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