Select the correct answer.

Which statement is true?

A. Correlation or association proves causation.
B. Causation requires either correlation or association.
C. Causation can exist without correlation or association.
D. All correlations indicate causal links.
E. If there is correlation, then there is causation.

Correlation is not equivalent to causation. Establishing causality requires more than just observing correlation; it demands additional background theory or evidence to prove a causal link.

Explanation:

Correlation is an association between two variables where a change in one is associated with a change in the other, while causation delves into cause and effect relationships.

It is crucial to understand that correlation does not imply or guarantee a causal relationship; rather, it is a starting point for investigating causation.

Establishing causality requires more than just observing correlation; it involves additional background theory or evidence to prove one variable causing another.

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