Final answer:
Microevolution involves changes in a population's genetic structure over short periods of time, representing a fundamental aspect of the modern synthesis in evolutionary biology.
Explanation:
Microevolution refers to changes in a population's genetic structure, specifically the generation-to-generation change in allele frequencies. These changes occur within a population over relatively short periods of time. The concept of microevolution is a key component of the modern synthesis, which is the overarching evolutionary paradigm accepted by scientists today.
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