Semantics deals with morpheme meanings, Syntax with sentence construction rules, and Pragmatics with effective communication.
Semantics: Semantics refers to the set of rules we use to obtain meaning from morphemes. For example, adding "ed" to the end of a verb makes it past tense.
Syntax: Syntax is the set of rules of a language by which we construct sentences. Each language has a different syntax. The syntax of the English language requires that each sentence has a noun and a verb, each of which may be modified by adjectives and adverbs. Some syntaxes make use of the order in which words appear. For example, in English, the meaning of the sentence "The man bites the dog" is different from "The dog bites the man."
Pragmatics: The social side of language is expressed through pragmatics, or how we communicate effectively and appropriately with others. Examples of pragmatics include turn-taking, staying on topic, volume and tone of voice, and appropriate eye contact.
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