Consider the table below:

Types of Bacteria

\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}
\hline
Form & Shape & Associated Disease \\
\hline
Coccus & [tex]$X$[/tex] & Strep throat \\
\hline
Bacillus & Rod shaped & [tex]$Y$[/tex] \\
\hline
Spirillum & Spiral & Cholera \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

Which best describes [tex]$X$[/tex] and [tex]$Y$[/tex]?

A. [tex]$X=$[/tex] Spherical; [tex]$Y=$[/tex] E. coli
B. [tex]$X=$[/tex] Comma shaped; [tex]$Y=$[/tex] Whooping cough
C. [tex]$X=$[/tex] Oval shaped; [tex]$Y=$[/tex] S. aureus
D. [tex]$X=$[/tex] Rod shaped; [tex]$Y=$[/tex] Pneumonia



Answer :

Let's analyze the provided table and the statements to identify the correct description of \(X\) and \(Y\).

The table categorizes bacteria by form, shape, and associated disease:

[tex]\[ \begin{array}{|l|c|c|} \hline \text{Form} & \text{Shape} & \text{Associated disease} \\ \hline \text{Coccus} & X & \text{Strep throat} \\ \hline \text{Bacillus} & \text{Rod shaped} & Y \\ \hline \text{Spirillum} & \text{Spiral} & \text{Cholera} \\ \hline \end{array} \][/tex]

Here are the descriptions:

1. Coccus bacteria are generally spherical in shape.
2. Bacillus bacteria are rod-shaped.
3. Spirillum bacteria have a spiral shape.

Now, let's examine the possible answers for \(X\) and \(Y\):

1. \(X =\) Spherical; \(Y =\) E. coli
- Correct description for \(X\) (Coccus bacteria are spherical).
- E. coli is a type of bacillus (rod-shaped) bacteria.

2. \(X =\) Comma shaped; \(Y =\) Whooping cough
- Incorrect: Coccus bacteria are not comma-shaped; they are spherical.
- Whooping cough is caused by the bacillus Bordetella pertussis, which matches the form but the shape description was incorrect.

3. \(X =\) Oval shaped; \(Y =\) S. aureus
- Incorrect: Coccus bacteria are spherical, not oval.
- S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) is a spherical (coccus) bacterium, matching neither form nor shape for \(Y\).

4. \(X =\) Rod shaped; \(Y =\) Pneumonia
- Incorrect: Coccus bacteria are not rod-shaped, they are spherical.
- While pneumonia can be caused by several agents (including Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is actually spherical), stating a general form is misleading.

Given the descriptions and statements:
- The best description based on correct form, shape, and associated disease is:

\(X = \text{Spherical}; Y = E. coli\)

Therefore, the best describes \(X\) and \(Y\) are:
[tex]\(X = \text{Spherical}; Y = E. coli\)[/tex].