The War Powers Resolution was passed to limit presidential authority in military conflicts, particularly after the scandals of Vietnam and Watergate, in an attempt to strengthen congressional war powers and clarify presidential authority within the first sixty days of a conflict.
Congress passed the War Powers Resolution in 1973 over President Nixon's veto to reassert itself in war-making. This resolution required presidents to consult with Congress before committing U.S. military forces to action, withdraw forces after sixty days without congressional approval, and allowed Congress to pass a resolution to end American use of force at any time.
The main reason Congress passed this act was following the twin scandals of Vietnam and Watergate, attempting to strengthen congressional war powers and clarify presidential authority in the first sixty days of a military conflict. The act aimed to limit presidential power in waging military conflicts without congressional oversight.
The shift that took place in the U.S. during the 1950s and 1960s was the steady increase in presidential authority in foreign policy, particularly highlighted by President Truman's actions in Korea without a congressional declaration of war, leading to Congress enacting measures like the War Powers Resolution to regain control over war-making decisions.
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