Final answer:
Sex chromosomes (X and Y) determine an organism's gender, while autosomes carry genes affecting both males and females equally.
Explanation:
Sex chromosomes determine the gender of an organism. In humans, females have two X chromosomes (XX), and males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
Autosomes are the other 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not involved in sex determination. They carry genes that affect males and females equally.
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