Summary: John von Neumann's contributions, first electronic and commercial computers, programming languages in the second generation, fourth-generation computers, hardware and software explained.
John von Neumann's contribution to computer science was foundational, as he proposed the concept of stored-program architecture, which forms the basis of modern computer design.
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first electronic computer developed.
UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) is considered the first commercially available computer.
During the second generation of computers, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL were developed.
Some examples of fourth-generation computers include IBM personal computers and Apple Macintosh computers.
Hardware consists of physical components like the processor and memory, while software refers to programs and applications that run on the hardware.
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