Final answer:
A missense mutation, specifically in the beta chain of hemoglobin, leads to sickle cell anemia by replacing glutamic acid with valine.
Explanation:
Missense mutation causes sickle cell anemia. This mutation leads to the substitution of a different amino acid in the protein, resulting in the replacement of glutamic acid with valine in the beta chain of hemoglobin. The single nucleotide change from A to T at the 17th nucleotide triggers this mutation, causing significant health implications.
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