Certainly! Let's find the oxidation state of nitrogen in each of the following compounds step-by-step:
### (i) NO₂
1. Identify the elements and their known oxidation states:
- Oxygen (O): Typically has an oxidation state of -2.
- Nitrogen (N): Oxidation state is unknown; denote it as [tex]\( x \)[/tex].
2. Write the overall oxidation state equation for the compound (NO₂):
- The compound is neutral, so the sum of oxidation states must be 0.
- Hence, [tex]\( x + 2(-2) = 0 \)[/tex].
3. Solve for [tex]\( x \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[
x - 4 = 0 \implies x = 4.
\][/tex]
Therefore, the oxidation state of nitrogen in NO₂ is +4.
### (ii) N₂O
1. Identify the elements and their known oxidation states:
- Oxygen (O): Typically has an oxidation state of -2.
- Nitrogen (N): Oxidation state is unknown; denote it as [tex]\( x \)[/tex].
2. Write the overall oxidation state equation for the compound (N₂O):
- The compound is neutral, so the sum of oxidation states must be 0.
[tex]\[
2x + (-2) = 0.
\][/tex]
3. Solve for [tex]\( x \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[
2x - 2 = 0 \implies 2x = 2 \implies x = 1.
\][/tex]
Therefore, the oxidation state of nitrogen in N₂O is +1.
### (iii) N₂O3
1. Identify the elements and their known oxidation states:
- Oxygen (O): Typically has an oxidation state of -2.
- Nitrogen (N): Oxidation state is unknown; denote it as [tex]\( x \)[/tex].
2. Write the overall oxidation state equation for the compound (N₂O3):
- The compound is neutral, so the sum of oxidation states must be 0.
[tex]\[
2x + 3(-2) = 0.
\][/tex]
3. Solve for [tex]\( x \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[
2x - 6 = 0 \implies 2x = 6 \implies x = 3.
\][/tex]
Therefore, the oxidation state of nitrogen in N₂O3 is +3.
### (iv) HNO3
1. Identify the elements and their known oxidation states:
- Hydrogen (H): Typically has an oxidation state of +1.
- Oxygen (O): Typically has an oxidation state of -2.
- Nitrogen (N): Oxidation state is unknown; denote it as [tex]\( x \)[/tex].
2. Write the overall oxidation state equation for the compound (HNO3):
- The compound is neutral, so the sum of oxidation states must be 0.
[tex]\[
(+1) + x + 3(-2) = 0.
\][/tex]
3. Solve for [tex]\( x \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[
1 + x - 6 = 0 \implies x - 5 = 0 \implies x = 5.
\][/tex]
Therefore, the oxidation state of nitrogen in HNO3 is +5.
