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Shang Dynasty (about 1600 BC - 1046 BC) was the second dynasty in Chinese history, also known as Yin Shang, and the first dynasty in China to have direct written records of the same period. The Shang Dynasty went through three major stages. The first stage is "first quotient"; The second stage is "early business"; The third stage is "Late Shang", which is passed down to 17 generations and 31 Kings, lasting more than 500 years.
The Shang nationality is a tribe that arose in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. According to legend, its ancestor Qi was at the same time as Yu. Shang Tang, the king of the Shang State in the Xia Dynasty, led the Shang State to defeat Xia in the Battle of Mingtiao, and established the Shang Dynasty in Bo with the title of Shang. After that, the capital of the Shang Dynasty moved frequently, until its descendant Pan Geng moved to Yin, the capital was stabilized, and the capital was established in Yin for 273 years, so the Shang Dynasty was also called "Yin" or "Yin Shang". After Pangeng's death, the throne was succeeded by his younger brother Xiao Xin. After the death of small Xin, pass brother small B. After the death of small B, followed by his son Wuding. The Shang Dynasty was the most powerful during the fifty years of Wuding's rule. The last emperor of the Shang dynasty, Di Xin, burned himself to death after being defeated by King Wu of Zhou at the Battle of Muye.
In the Shang Dynasty, the succession system of the throne was the death of the elder brother and the death of the younger brother, and the typical succession of the son after the death of the father. The Shang Dynasty was in the peak period of slavery, the state power in the Cheng Tang period had been initially established, and the social order of slavery had been stabilized. The slave-owning aristocracy was the ruling class, forming a large bureaucratic ruling apparatus and army. The records of oracle bone inscriptions and golden inscriptions are the earliest systematic writing symbols that have been found in China.
Within and outside the sphere of influence of the Shang Dynasty were scattered many states far behind the Shang. The most powerful of these are the tongue, ghost, earth and Qiang in the northwest and north. Archaeological evidence shows that the Shang Dynasty sites are not only distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, but also to the south of the Yangtze River and to the north in the vast areas north of the Great Wall.
