Final answer:
Frameshift mutation alters the reading frame, causing significant changes in the protein structure and functionality.
Explanation:
Frameshift mutation causes a shift in the reading frame of the ribosome, leading to the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in the DNA sequence. This shift results in a drastic change in the amino acid sequence of the protein being synthesized.
Unlike point mutations where only one amino acid is altered, frameshift mutations can have a catastrophic effect on the entire protein structure, often leading to a premature stop codon and a non-functional protein.
Insertion of three nucleotides during a frameshift mutation is less damaging than the insertion of just one because three nucleotides can sometimes maintain the integrity of the protein structure.
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