Final answer:
In the 19th century, U.S. government jobs were viewed as political prizes based on patronage and party loyalty, not merit. The Pendleton Act of 1883 established the Civil Service Commission to introduce a merit system for appointments.
Explanation:
In the nineteenth century, U.S. government jobs were considered to be political prizes rather than earned by merit. The practice of awarding government positions based on party loyalty and patronage was prevalent during this time until the Pendleton Act of 1883 established the Civil Service Commission to ensure appointments were made through a merit system.
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