The atomic number of iron is 26, indicating 26 protons. For iron-56, the number of neutrons can be calculated as 56 - 26 = 30.
The atomic number of iron is 26, so there are 26 protons in the species. Note that the s-orbital electrons are lost first, then the d-orbital electrons. For the isotope iron-56, the mass number - atomic number gives the number of neutrons; hence, iron-56 has 30 neutrons.
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