Final answer:
Adam Smith proposed the concept of the invisible hand, stating that pursuing self-interest in a marketplace benefits society as a whole.
Explanation:
The economic theory proposed by Adam Smith is called the invisible hand. According to Smith, individuals pursuing their own financial self-interest in a marketplace will inadvertently benefit society as a whole through the mechanism of the invisible hand. This concept suggests that self-interested actions can lead to positive social outcomes in an economy.
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