Sure, let's break this down step-by-step:
(a) Completing the Diagram to Show Substance R
The given chemical reaction is:
[tex]\[ 2H_2(g) + O_2(g) \longrightarrow 2H_2O(g) + \text{heat} \][/tex]
This reaction produces water vapor (H₂O) as the other product, substance R. In a laboratory, this gaseous water could be collected by cooling it down to condense it into liquid water.
### Steps to Complete the Diagram:
1. Reaction Chamber: Draw or indicate a container where hydrogen gas (H₂) and oxygen gas (O₂) react.
2. Cooling System: Show a cooling system (like a condenser) coming out from the reaction chamber to indicate that the water vapor (H₂O), formed as R, is being cooled down.
3. Collection Flask: At the end of the cooling system, show a collection flask where the condensed water (liquid H₂O) is collected. This flask needs to be schematically drawn to complete the diagram.
This set-up will help in visualizing that water vapor is cooled down and collected as liquid water in the laboratory environment.
(b) Describing How Copper Could be Obtained from the Mixture
When dry hydrogen gas is passed over hot copper(II) oxide (CuO), a reaction occurs where CuO is reduced to copper (Cu) and water vapor (H₂O) is produced:
[tex]\[ CuO(s) + H_2(g) \longrightarrow Cu(s) + H_2O(g) \][/tex]
Here’s how you can obtain copper from the mixture that contains copper and possibly unreacted copper(II) oxide:
### Steps to Obtain Copper:
1. Dissolving Unreacted CuO:
- Add sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) to the mixture.
- The sulfuric acid will react with unreacted copper(II) oxide (CuO) to form copper sulfate (CuSO₄) solution.
[tex]\[ CuO(s) + H_2SO_4(aq) \longrightarrow CuSO_4(aq) + H_2O(l) \][/tex]
2. Filtering:
- Filter the mixture to separate the solid copper (Cu) from the dissolved copper sulfate (CuSO₄) solution. Use filter paper and a funnel to perform the filtration.
- Copper will remain on the filter paper as it is not soluble in sulfuric acid.
3. Washing and Drying:
- Once the copper is filtered out, wash the solid copper with distilled water to remove any adhering copper sulfate solution.
- Finally, dry the washed copper to obtain pure, solid copper.
Through these steps, you will effectively separate and obtain copper from the mixture that originally contained copper and possibly unreacted copper(II) oxide.
