4.
a) How many electrons do the following elements have in their outer shell?

i) Nitrogen (5)

ii) Chlorine (7)

iii) Calcium (20)

b) Explain how you got your answer.



Answer :

Final answer:

The elements nitrogen, chlorine, and calcium have 5, 7, and 2 electrons in their outer shells respectively.


Explanation:

The number of electrons in the outer shell for each element is as follows:

  1. Nitrogen: 5 electrons
  2. Chlorine: 7 electrons
  3. Calcium: 2 electrons (since the outer shell is full)

Explanation: The number of electrons in the outer shell is determined by the group number of the element on the periodic table. For instance, nitrogen is in group 15, so it has 5 electrons in its outer shell. Chlorine, in group 17, has 7 electrons in its outer shell. Calcium, in group 2, has 2 electrons in its outer shell as it aims to achieve a stable octet.


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