Final answer:
Spring tides occur during new and full moons, resulting in the greatest tidal range, while neap tides occur during the first and third quarters of the moon, resulting in smaller tidal ranges.
Explanation:
Spring tides occur during the new moon and full moon, where the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon align to create very high and very low tides, resulting in the greatest tidal range. On the other hand, neap tides occur during the first and third quarters of the moon, leading to smaller tidal ranges due to the moon and sun being at right angles to each other.
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