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11. Write about the following classes of enzymes:

i) Oxidoreductases

ii) Transferases

iii) Hydrolases

iv) Lyases

v) Isomerases

vi) Ligases

12.

a) Explain in detail the structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick.

b) State five differences between DNA and RNA.



Answer :

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Final answer:

The detailed answer covers classes of enzymes, differences between DNA and RNA, and the structure of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick.


Explanation:

Classes of Enzymes:

  1. Oxidoreductases: Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions.
  2. Transferases: Transfer functional groups.
  3. Hydrolases: Catalyze hydrolysis reactions.
  4. Lyases: Eliminate groups to form double bonds.
  5. Isomerases: Rearrange bonds in molecules.
  6. Ligases: Form bonds coupled to ATP hydrolysis.

Differences between DNA and RNA:

1. DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.
2. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, RNA contains ribose sugar.
3. DNA has thymine as a base, RNA has uracil instead.
4. DNA is stable, RNA is more prone to degradation.
5. DNA carries genetic information, RNA is involved in protein synthesis.

Structure of DNA by Watson and Crick:

Watson and Crick proposed DNA as a double helix with sugar-phosphate backbones and complementary base pairing (A-T and G-C).


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