Final answer:
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with ions forming when electrons are lost or gained, leading to charged particles.
Explanation:
An atom is composed of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, surrounded by electrons. The nucleus consists of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, while electrons carry a negative charge.
When atoms lose or gain electrons, they become ions, which are charged particles. If an atom loses electrons, it becomes a cation with a positive charge, and if it gains electrons, it becomes an anion with a negative charge.
The nucleus, comprising protons and neutrons, accounts for most of the atom's mass, while the comparatively lighter electrons orbit the nucleus in energy shells.
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