Answer :
To determine which one of the substances [tex]\(X\)[/tex], [tex]\(Y\)[/tex], or [tex]\(Z\)[/tex] acts as a catalyst in the reaction [tex]\(A + B \rightarrow C\)[/tex], we can design an experiment based on comparing the reaction times with and without each substance. Here’s a detailed, step-by-step plan:
### Step 1: Establish a Control Reaction
1. Measure the Reaction Time Without Any Added Substances:
- Take 10 mL of substance [tex]\(A\)[/tex] and 10 mL of substance [tex]\(B\)[/tex] in a clean beaker.
- Mix them together and start a timer.
- Observe and record the time taken for the reaction to complete, indicated by the formation of bubbles.
- Confirm that the reaction completes in 20 seconds, as previously noted.
### Step 2: Test Each Substance Separately
2. Test Substance [tex]\(X\)[/tex]:
- Take 10 mL of substance [tex]\(A\)[/tex] and 10 mL of substance [tex]\(B\)[/tex].
- Add a known quantity (for consistency, start with 1 mL) of substance [tex]\(X\)[/tex] to the reaction mixture.
- Mix all three substances together and start a timer.
- Observe and record the time taken for the reaction to complete.
- Clean the equipment thoroughly after each test to avoid contamination.
3. Test Substance [tex]\(Y\)[/tex]:
- Repeat the same procedure with substance [tex]\(Y\)[/tex].
- Take 10 mL of substance [tex]\(A\)[/tex] and 10 mL of substance [tex]\(B\)[/tex].
- Add the same quantity used for [tex]\(X\)[/tex] (1 mL) of substance [tex]\(Y\)[/tex].
- Mix and start the timer.
- Observe and record the reaction time.
4. Test Substance [tex]\(Z\)[/tex]:
- Repeat the same procedure for substance [tex]\(Z\)[/tex].
- Take 10 mL of substance [tex]\(A\)[/tex] and 10 mL of substance [tex]\(B\)[/tex].
- Add the same quantity used for [tex]\(X\)[/tex] and [tex]\(Y\)[/tex] (1 mL).
- Mix and start the timer.
- Observe and record the reaction time.
### Step 3: Analyze the Results
- Compare the recorded reaction times for each test against the control reaction time (20 seconds).
- Identify which substance (if any) significantly reduces the reaction time.
### Step 4: Repeat for Verification
- Perform multiple trials for each substance to ensure the reliability and consistency of the results.
- Note if one of the substances consistently causes the reaction to complete faster compared to the others and the control reaction.
### Conclusion
- The substance that consistently reduces the reaction time without being consumed in the reaction is the likely catalyst.
Note: If none of the substances [tex]\(X\)[/tex], [tex]\(Y\)[/tex], or [tex]\(Z\)[/tex] accelerate the reaction, then it would imply that none of them serve as a catalyst. Additionally, ensure proper safety measures and clean-up processes are followed throughout the experiment.
Using this experimental design, you can systematically determine which of the substances [tex]\(X\)[/tex], [tex]\(Y\)[/tex], or [tex]\(Z\)[/tex] is acting as a catalyst for the reaction [tex]\(A + B \rightarrow C\)[/tex].
### Step 1: Establish a Control Reaction
1. Measure the Reaction Time Without Any Added Substances:
- Take 10 mL of substance [tex]\(A\)[/tex] and 10 mL of substance [tex]\(B\)[/tex] in a clean beaker.
- Mix them together and start a timer.
- Observe and record the time taken for the reaction to complete, indicated by the formation of bubbles.
- Confirm that the reaction completes in 20 seconds, as previously noted.
### Step 2: Test Each Substance Separately
2. Test Substance [tex]\(X\)[/tex]:
- Take 10 mL of substance [tex]\(A\)[/tex] and 10 mL of substance [tex]\(B\)[/tex].
- Add a known quantity (for consistency, start with 1 mL) of substance [tex]\(X\)[/tex] to the reaction mixture.
- Mix all three substances together and start a timer.
- Observe and record the time taken for the reaction to complete.
- Clean the equipment thoroughly after each test to avoid contamination.
3. Test Substance [tex]\(Y\)[/tex]:
- Repeat the same procedure with substance [tex]\(Y\)[/tex].
- Take 10 mL of substance [tex]\(A\)[/tex] and 10 mL of substance [tex]\(B\)[/tex].
- Add the same quantity used for [tex]\(X\)[/tex] (1 mL) of substance [tex]\(Y\)[/tex].
- Mix and start the timer.
- Observe and record the reaction time.
4. Test Substance [tex]\(Z\)[/tex]:
- Repeat the same procedure for substance [tex]\(Z\)[/tex].
- Take 10 mL of substance [tex]\(A\)[/tex] and 10 mL of substance [tex]\(B\)[/tex].
- Add the same quantity used for [tex]\(X\)[/tex] and [tex]\(Y\)[/tex] (1 mL).
- Mix and start the timer.
- Observe and record the reaction time.
### Step 3: Analyze the Results
- Compare the recorded reaction times for each test against the control reaction time (20 seconds).
- Identify which substance (if any) significantly reduces the reaction time.
### Step 4: Repeat for Verification
- Perform multiple trials for each substance to ensure the reliability and consistency of the results.
- Note if one of the substances consistently causes the reaction to complete faster compared to the others and the control reaction.
### Conclusion
- The substance that consistently reduces the reaction time without being consumed in the reaction is the likely catalyst.
Note: If none of the substances [tex]\(X\)[/tex], [tex]\(Y\)[/tex], or [tex]\(Z\)[/tex] accelerate the reaction, then it would imply that none of them serve as a catalyst. Additionally, ensure proper safety measures and clean-up processes are followed throughout the experiment.
Using this experimental design, you can systematically determine which of the substances [tex]\(X\)[/tex], [tex]\(Y\)[/tex], or [tex]\(Z\)[/tex] is acting as a catalyst for the reaction [tex]\(A + B \rightarrow C\)[/tex].
