Final answer:
Political machines, led by powerful 'Bosses,' controlled large cities through corruption and bribery in the late 19th century.
Explanation:
Political machines were informal political groups led by powerful party leaders known as "Bosses." These leaders controlled large cities in the late 19th century through corruption, bribery, and offering necessities in exchange for votes. One infamous example is Tammany Hall in New York City, led by William Marcy Tweed, who was eventually arrested for corruption.
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