4. Expand each of the following, using suitable identities:

(i) [tex][tex]$(x+2y+4z)^2$[/tex][/tex]

(ii) [tex]$(2x-y+z)^2$[/tex]

(iii) [tex]$(-2x+3y+2z)^2$[/tex]

(iv) [tex][tex]$(3a-7b-c)^2$[/tex][/tex]

(v) [tex]$(-2x+5y-3z)^2$[/tex]

(vi) [tex]$\left(\frac{1}{4}a-\frac{1}{2}b+1\right)^2$[/tex]



Answer :

Certainly! Let's expand each of the given expressions step-by-step using the suitable algebraic identities. Specifically, we'll use the binomial theorem for expanding the square of a trinomial, which states:

[tex]\[(a + b + c)^2 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac\][/tex]

### (i) [tex]\((x + 2y + 4z)^2\)[/tex]

Using the identity, we have:
[tex]\[ (x + 2y + 4z)^2 = x^2 + (2y)^2 + (4z)^2 + 2(x)(2y) + 2(2y)(4z) + 2(x)(4z) \][/tex]
Calculating each term:
[tex]\[ x^2 + 4y^2 + 16z^2 + 4xy + 16yz + 8xz \][/tex]
So, the expanded form is:
[tex]\[ x^2 + 4x y + 8x z + 4y^2 + 16y z + 16z^2 \][/tex]

### (ii) [tex]\((2x - y + z)^2\)[/tex]

Using the identity, we have:
[tex]\[ (2x - y + z)^2 = (2x)^2 + (-y)^2 + z^2 + 2(2x)(-y) + 2(-y)(z) + 2(2x)(z) \][/tex]
Calculating each term:
[tex]\[ 4x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - 4xy - 2yz + 4xz \][/tex]
So, the expanded form is:
[tex]\[ 4x^2 - 4x y + 4x z + y^2 - 2y z + z^2 \][/tex]

### (iii) [tex]\((-2x + 3y + 2z)^2\)[/tex]

Using the identity, we have:
[tex]\[ (-2x + 3y + 2z)^2 = (-2x)^2 + (3y)^2 + (2z)^2 + 2(-2x)(3y) + 2(3y)(2z) + 2(-2x)(2z) \][/tex]
Calculating each term:
[tex]\[ 4x^2 + 9y^2 + 4z^2 - 12xy + 12yz - 8xz \][/tex]
So, the expanded form is:
[tex]\[ 4x^2 - 12x y - 8x z + 9y^2 + 12y z + 4z^2 \][/tex]

### (iv) [tex]\((3a - 7b - c)^2\)[/tex]

Using the identity, we have:
[tex]\[ (3a - 7b - c)^2 = (3a)^2 + (-7b)^2 + (-c)^2 + 2(3a)(-7b) + 2(-7b)(-c) + 2(3a)(-c) \][/tex]
Calculating each term:
[tex]\[ 9a^2 + 49b^2 + c^2 - 42ab + 14bc - 6ac \][/tex]
So, the expanded form is:
[tex]\[ 9a^2 - 42a b - 6a c + 49b^2 + 14b c + c^2 \][/tex]

### (v) [tex]\((-2x + 5y - 3z)^2\)[/tex]

Using the identity, we have:
[tex]\[ (-2x + 5y - 3z)^2 = (-2x)^2 + (5y)^2 + (-3z)^2 + 2(-2x)(5y) + 2(5y)(-3z) + 2(-2x)(-3z) \][/tex]
Calculating each term:
[tex]\[ 4x^2 + 25y^2 + 9z^2 - 20xy - 30yz + 12xz \][/tex]
So, the expanded form is:
[tex]\[ 4x^2 - 20x y + 12x z + 25y^2 - 30y z + 9z^2 \][/tex]

### (vi) [tex]\(\left(\frac{1}{4}a - \frac{1}{2}b + 1\right)^2\)[/tex]

Using the identity, we have:
[tex]\[ \left(\frac{1}{4}a - \frac{1}{2}b + 1\right)^2 = \left(\frac{1}{4}a\right)^2 + \left(-\frac{1}{2}b\right)^2 + 1^2 + 2\left(\frac{1}{4}a\right)\left(-\frac{1}{2}b\right) + 2\left(-\frac{1}{2}b\right) (1) + 2\left(\frac{1}{4}a\right) (1) \][/tex]
Calculating each term:
[tex]\[ \frac{1}{16}a^2 + \frac{1}{4}b^2 + 1 - \frac{1}{4}ab - b + \frac{1}{2}a \][/tex]
So, the expanded form is:
[tex]\[ 0.0625a^2 - 0.25a b + 0.5a + 0.25b^2 - 1.0b + 1 \][/tex]