Independent variables are controlled factors that determine their relationship to the observed phenomenon, while dependent variables change in response. Controlled variables are kept constant to prevent them from impacting the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Independent variables are factors that are controlled by the experimenter to determine their relationship to the observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In contrast, dependent variables change in response to the independent variable. Controlled variables are factors that are kept constant to prevent them from influencing the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
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