The answer outlines leaders of the 1961 Freedom Rides, defines the concept, explains reasons for earlier protests' failure, delves into the violation of racial laws, and analyzes the riders' preparedness for violence.
Freedom Rides in 1961:
1. Leaders who revived freedom rides:
2. Definition of Freedom Rides: The Freedom Rides were bus journeys undertaken by white and black activists to protest segregation on interstate transportation, defying state laws.
3. Reasons why earlier protests failed: Riders faced violence from racists defending segregation laws, such as beatings and bus burnings.
4. Violation of racial laws: The Freedom Rides challenged segregation by integrating buses and terminals, violating Jim Crow laws.
5. Implication of preparedness for violence: Riders were mentally prepared for violent opposition, including the risk of death.
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