Joseph Lister utilized handwashing, extreme cleanliness, and carbolic acid to enhance surgical survival rates.
Joseph Lister, influenced by Louis Pasteur's work, implemented various methods to increase surgical survival rates. Lister insisted on handwashing and extreme cleanliness during surgery and introduced the use of carbolic acid (phenol) as an antiseptic. He required surgeons to clean tools with a 5% carbolic acid solution and even used the solution during operations to reduce post-surgical infections.
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