Plato's concept of justice, as outlined by Socrates in The Republic, emphasizes the internal virtues and balance of a just person. The ideal city in Plato's philosophy reflects the virtues and harmonious roles of individuals within a community. Behaving justly is viewed as essential for achieving happiness and success in accordance with the ideal of a just society.
Plato, according to Socrates in The Republic, defines a just person as someone who possesses a just soul, where each part of the soul performs its own function harmoniously. The essence of justice lies in the internal being of a person, not just in their external actions towards others. Plato emphasizes that being just involves possessing the virtue of justice and being properly motivated to act in a noble rather than self-interested manner.
Socrates explores the idea of justice in a hypothetical just city where individuals fulfill roles based on their aptitudes, with soldiers, business people, craftsmen, and rulers each contributing to the city's well-being. In this ideal city, the guardians, who embody all virtues and work selflessly for the community, are crucial as they lead and protect the society.
Plato's concept of justice extends beyond external actions to internal virtues like wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice itself, which Socrates presents as essential elements of a just individual. Behaving justly is seen as the path to true happiness and success, aligning with the belief that a just city mirrors the virtues and harmony found within a just individual.
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